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National Black Feminist Organization
The National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) was founded in 1973. The group worked to address the unique issues affecting black women in America.〔Wilma Pearl Mankiller. The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History, Houghton Mifflin Books, 1998 ISBN 0-618-00182-4, p203〕 Founding members included Michele Wallace, Faith Ringgold, Doris Wright and Margaret Sloan-Hunter. They borrowed the office of the New York City chapter of the National Organization for Women. According to Wallace, a contributing author to the anthology ''All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some Of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies'', Wright "called (the first) meeting to discuss Black women and their relationship to the Feminist Movement."〔Hull, Scott, Smith. ''All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some Of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies'', The Feminist Press, 2003, ISBN 0-912670-95-9, p12〕()
==History==
One of two earliest organizations formed in the Black feminist movement, the National Black Feminist Organization clearly reflected the goals put forth in the Combahee River Collective Statement, which was being developed at around the same time by some of the same women.〔But Some of Us Are Brave: A History of Black Feminism in the United States; interview with Robbie McCauley by Alex Schwall. 2004〕〔The 1973 Statement of Purpose for the NBFO declared the organization was formed, “to address ourselves to the particular and specific needs of the larger, but almost cast-aside half of the black race in America, the black woman.” 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="National Black Feminist Organization (1973-1976) )〕
Members of the NBFO such as Florynce Kennedy〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://solidarity-us.org/site/node/3272 )〕 and many others were culled from the civil rights/Black Power movement and the feminist movement. Many of the members did not feel completely accepted in either camp.〔The National Black Feminist Organization’s Statement of Purpose, 1973 quote: "Black women have suffered cruelly in this society from living the phenomenon of being black and female, in a country that is both racist and sexist."()〕 They felt that the white women who dominated the feminist movement had internalized racist, white supremacist beliefs and that many were guilty of overt racial discrimination. The women active in the civil rights movement fared no better; their leadership was frequently ignored, downplayed, or challenged. They were also expected to subordinate themselves to the men in the movement and were frequently relegated to menial tasks.〔The National Black Feminist Organization’s Statement of Purpose, 1973 (The NBFO's 1973 statement of purpose )〕 Lesbians had to deal with the homophobia or Lesbophobia prevalent in both movements. Brenda Eichelberger, one of the founding members of the Chicago chapter said this in an undated interview, "...I didn't know any other black woman felt the way that I did about feminism. I knew white women who were my friends, but they didn't have the added oppression of race. A lot of black groups were macho. I couldn't completely identify with any group. Anyway, all I need to know was that one woman anywhere who felt like I did..."()
The NBFO focused its energies on the interconnectedness of many prejudices that faced African-American women: racism, sexism, classism, homophobia, and Lesbophobia. The women elected Margaret Sloan-Hunter, one of the early editors of Ms. Magazine and an associate of Gloria Steinem, as their chair. They then established chapters in several U.S. cities including Chicago and New York.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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